![\"\"](\"https:\/\/assets.survivalinternational.org\/pictures\/9187\/cover-davi_940.jpg\" "\\"\u00a9\u00a0Harvard")
A evaluation by Stephen Corry, former Director of Survival Worldwide, of<\/p>\n
\u2018The Falling Sky: phrases of a Yanomami shaman\u2019<\/p>\n
by Davi Kopenawa & Bruce Albert<\/p>\n
This could change into one of the crucial vital books of our time. Davi Kopenawa has a number of tales to inform; one is that the Amazonian Yanomami aren\u2019t impressed with our society, and that\u2019s placing it mildly. The Indians have a manner of wanting on the world which may hardly be extra completely different than ours, they usually wish to maintain it that manner, or not less than some do. It\u2019s a slap within the face to the West\u2019s creeping, and markedly adolescent, view that if we don\u2019t but have fairly all of the solutions, we\u2019re properly on the best way to discovering them.<\/p>\n
We\u2019ve didn’t persuade the Yanomami that ours is the one appropriate manner, and no matter whether or not you consider that\u2019s romantic fantasy, or not less than meals for thought, Kopenawa\u2019s e-book is destined to change into a seminal work in anthropology, and hopefully far more extensively.<\/p>\n
\u2018The Falling Sky\u2019, the primary e-book by a Yanomami, is finest described as 4 volumes in a single. It was constructed by the French anthropologist Bruce Albert, who recorded many dozens of hours of Davi speaking, over a interval of many years. He organized and transcribed the outcome, went via the edit step-\u00ad\u2010by-\u00ad\u2010step with Davi, who made amendments, and translated the e-book himself, straight from Yanomami into French. (The English translation by Nicholas Elliott and Alison Dundy is great.)<\/p>\n
Albert writes extra chapters, glossaries and notes, explaining his function and offering a wealth of background materials \u2013 all this includes the ultimate a part of \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019. The entire is a powerful monument to a lifetime\u2019s collaboration, work, and friendship.<\/p>\n
The opening quantity is Davi\u2019s detailed account of Yanomami cosmology, and it uncovers a worldview as complicated as any main faith. Tribal beliefs aren’t a easy matter; that is no primitive nature worship, neither is it for the squeamish. It\u2019s is a multicolored imaginative and prescient, vaguely harking back to a Hieronymus Bosch triptych, of magnificence and love, but additionally of dismemberment, \u2018cannibalism\u2019, dying and destruction. Vulvas are \u2018eaten\u2019, which is how the Yanomami describe intercourse, and a bad-\u00ad\u2010smelling penis incurs the disdain of spirits and results in nowhere good.<\/p>\n
The universe is multifaceted and multilayered, an ever altering place, stuffed with hidden forces, useful, mischievous, or murderous, all shifting and mutating relying on how they\u2019re handled, and even on what temper they occur to be in. Nevertheless unpredictable, they do keep on with sure conventions \u2013 and that\u2019s a degree I\u2019ll come again to.<\/p>\n
What odd folks understand of all that is simply the tiny tip of a deeply esoteric and unique actuality. The skillful and extremely educated shaman \u2018ingesting\u2019 yakoana snuff (it\u2019s truly blown up his nostrils), takes on the power to enter this hidden cosmos. He turns into not solely conscious of its forces, good and in poor health, however can \u2013 certainly should \u2013 enlist them to attempt to defend his neighborhood.<\/p>\n
Really, the shaman\u2019s function is much more vital. The hidden universe of the xapiri and lots of different \u2018spirits\u2019 requires fixed intervention to keep up steadiness: the shaman has no choice however to work ceaselessly to maintain life bearable, not just for his personal individuals however \u2013 astonishingly \u2013 for everybody, in all places. As Davi says, \u2018We shamans merely say that we’re defending \u2019nature\u2019 as an entire factor. We defend the forest\u2019s timber, hills, mountains, and rivers; its fish, recreation, spirits, and human inhabitants. We even defend the land of the white individuals past it and all those that dwell there.\u2019<\/p>\n
The snuff is hallucinogenic. Although not the identical because the well-known ayahuasca or yag\u00e9, it\u2019s definitely highly effective sufficient to make sure that what you see whenever you \u2018drink\u2019 it defies rational evaluation (although probably many will strive). That\u2019s one other important level: we would have persuaded ourselves that science and business, primarily based on numbers, Cartesian pondering and replicable proof, are the important thing elements in human life. The shaman, however, believes that each one the \u2018merchandise\u2019 we produce as a consequence will not be as conducive to our wellbeing as is human society \u2013 the resolutely complicated and logic-\u00ad\u2010 defying methods we deal with ourselves and every one other.<\/p>\n
The Yanomami are removed from distinctive in discovering find out how to set off the mind into one thing apart from the \u2018odd\u2019. Comparable transcendence is after all embedded in humanity\u2019s expression, its artwork and beliefs in all places, and to dismiss its significance is definitely shortsighted (until we actually wish to be managed, quite than served, by machines and computer systems).<\/p>\n
\u2018The Falling Sky\u2019 is no doubt essentially the most genuine account of Amazonian shamanism ever recorded. It\u2019s the closest factor to sitting round a hearth in a communal Yanomami dwelling (spherical, thatched, and open to the middle, a bit just like the Elizabethan Globe theater seen from above) and simply listening, uninterruptedly, to a shaman\u2019s phrases. That\u2019s finest achieved round daybreak or nightfall, these edgy occasions when the world actually does mutate, extra magically after all when there\u2019s no electrical gentle to blunt the each day drama.<\/p>\n
Davi\u2019s rationalization of the Yanomami universe is an excellent illustration of how individuals\u2019s worldviews merge such on a regular basis actuality with different dimensions, which themselves are seen as equally actual. Which may be much less understood in industrial societies than it as soon as was, nevertheless it stays demonstrably true: in spite of the present try to scale back the whole lot to monolithic certainties, our \u2018actuality\u2019 actually is that a lot of what occurs takes place inside us. Even when unnoticed to all besides the particular person affected, such issues (love, is one instance) could be a very powerful and life-\u00ad\u2010altering facets of our existence. As psychotherapist Carl Jung mentioned of his autobiography, his recollections of what had truly occurred had been mere \u2018phantasms\u2019 of little significance in comparison with his recollections of \u2018internal\u2019 experiences.<\/p>\n
Davi\u2019s shamanic drawings are scattered via \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019, and his personal autobiography includes the second e-book in it. It\u2019s one other first: that of an Amazon Indian whose life uniquely straddles three worlds. Davi is an occasional, although reluctant, world traveler; he\u2019s additionally a spokesman and internationally acknowledged activist for Indigenous rights, who has already performed the important thing function in saving his individuals. Nevertheless, at the start he\u2019s a toddler of the rainforest, who noticed his individuals die of epidemics introduced in by authorities brokers and missionaries, later embarking on his lengthy shaman\u2019s apprenticeship as a response. In contrast to many Indigenous activists these days, he\u2019s unschooled and has all the time lived within the forest. Near sixty (his actual age is speculative), he\u2019s usually visited tribes apart from his personal, together with some very not too long ago contacted.<\/p>\n
Davi has by no means learn anybody\u2019s biography; his is a singular, first-\u00ad\u2010hand account, standing on no different shoulders. It\u2019s unlikely to be emulated. Though it hasn\u2019t but been translated into Portuguese, Davi can communicate that language, although not with whole fluency. He realized its Brazilian variant when employed first by missionaries after which the federal government\u2019s Nationwide Indian Basis (FUNAI<\/span>). When highway constructing arrived in Yanomami territory within the Nineteen Seventies he shortly noticed that it was going to destroy the Indians.<\/p>\n At first, he didn\u2019t know of the group making an attempt to avoid wasting them, the Yanomami Park Fee (CCPY<\/span>), began in 1978 by Albert himself, Brazilian photographer, Claudia Andujar, and Italian lay missionary, Carlo Zacquini. The trio constructed on earlier work, notably by anthropologist couple, Brazilian, Alcida Ramos, and Scotsman, Kenneth Taylor, and the marketing campaign was pushed onto the world stage by Survival Worldwide.<\/p>\n The main focus was on urgent the federal government to desert reserving the Yanomami solely small items of land round a couple of communities, and to marketing campaign for a single Yanomami territory. Stopping the highway was important.<\/p>\n As he recounts, Davi quickly turned the principal protagonist for the motion and started a collection of uncompromising conferences with authorities officers, ultimately reaching the president himself. He first left Brazil \u2013 for Britain and Sweden \u2013 when he was invited by Survival Worldwide to face alongside it when the NGO<\/span> was awarded the 1989 different Nobel prize. Survival\u2019s publicity catalyzed the difficulty in a manner by no means seen earlier than for any Amazon Indians. That journey was adopted by one to New York, when Davi met the UN Secretary Normal. A German newspaper later titled him \u2018Dalai Lama of the rainforest\u2019!<\/p>\n Within the Eighties, a brand new and much more acute menace had arrived on Indian territory, an invasion of unlawful gold miners. About twenty per cent of Brazilian Yanomami died as epidemics of measles, cerebral malaria, and flu, swept the area, and as mercury waste poisoned their meals. The shamans noticed these sicknesses as \u2018epidemic smokes\u2019 towards which they lacked actual energy. They had been a repeat of the illnesses which carried off Davi\u2019s mom when he was a toddler. Her physique had been rapidly buried by missionaries and couldn’t be discovered \u2013 an unthinkable desecration, as I\u2019ll clarify.<\/p>\n If the destruction of American Indians via sickness is perhaps thought to dilute the culpability of the invaders who introduced the illnesses, there’s definitely no mistaking the guilt of the miners who killed with gun and machete. A couple of of those violent bandits had been ultimately convicted of genocide, however solely after they butchered a neighborhood of Yanomami ladies, kids, and the aged, in a 1993 bloodbath which Albert describes in an appendix. (Unusually, it was reported to missionaries and efficiently prosecuted. 5 miners had been ultimately sentenced to a complete of 98 years in jail, however solely two had been ever jailed.)<\/p>\n This is only one up to date echo of a litany of genocides which Indians of all of the Americas have confronted during the last centuries, and which proceed as we speak. Davi\u2019s descriptions are essentially the most detailed ever recorded by a witness from the victims\u2019 facet: they supply a harrowing indictment of the actual value of the assets stolen from tribal lands, one which isn’t paid by those that revenue.<\/p>\n Throughout Davi\u2019s travels overseas he by no means finds a lot new: he\u2019s already seen these locations, or their \u2018reflections\u2019, in his visions. However this hasn\u2019t bred conceitedness: he reiterates how little he is aware of when in comparison with the nice shamans of yesteryear, and he berates himself for his comparative ignorance and superficiality. In fact, he doesn\u2019t suppose we all know a lot both, definitely nothing like we predict we do!<\/p>\n He\u2019s visited Europe and North America a couple of occasions, normally cities, which he sees as notably inhuman with their inequalities and overcrowding. He observes, \u2018Folks consistently ask you for cash for the whole lot, even to drink or urinate\u2026 Their hearts beat too quick, their thought is seized with dizziness, and their eyes are all the time on the alert\u2026The countless noise and the smoke masking the whole lot stop you from pondering proper\u2026 Within the metropolis, you additionally by no means clearly hear the phrases which might be addressed to you. You need to press collectively to grasp one another whenever you communicate.\u2019<\/p>\n In related vein, visiting the Bronx in 1991, he tells of the homes \u2018in ruins\u2019 and movingly recounts, \u2018The individuals who dwell in these locations haven’t any meals, and their garments are soiled and torn\u2026 they checked out me with unhappy eyes. It made me really feel upset. These white individuals who have created merchandise suppose they’re intelligent and courageous. But they’re grasping and don’t deal with these amongst them who don’t have anything. How can they suppose they’re nice males and discover themselves so good? They don’t wish to know something about these needy individuals, although they too are their fellows. They reject them and allow them to undergo alone. They don’t even have a look at them and are glad to maintain their distance and name them \u2019the poor\u2019. They even take their crumbling homes from them. They power them to camp outdoors within the rain with their kids. They have to inform themselves: \u2018They dwell on our land, however they’re different individuals. Allow them to keep far-off from us, choosing their meals off the bottom like canine! As for us, we are going to pile up extra items and extra weapons, all by ourselves!\u2019 It scared me to see such a factor.\u2019<\/p>\n That is no cartoon primitive ogling our wondrous creations, as invented by colonial vacationers, neither is it the impression sought by NYC<\/span> & Firm. \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019 is way from being only a diatribe towards \u2018whites\u2019, nevertheless, and a distinct response was provoked by Davi\u2019s visits to rural areas, together with megalithic websites of southern Britain comparable to Avebury and Stonehenge. He offers his view of how the enormous stones got here to be, and what function in creation they fulfill. However he\u2019s clearly happiest at dwelling, touring solely often when invited, to speak to the \u2018individuals of merchandise\u2019. He needs us to know that we’re destroying the world with our insatiable starvation for extra stuff \u2013 and he needs us to cease.<\/p>\n His worldview is after all in diametric opposition to mercantile commerce and revenue, which have change into our principal measure of \u2018progress\u2019 now that authorities and enterprise power everybody away from their former self-\u00ad\u2010sufficiency and into whole dependence on cash and items. This brings up an vital level, each about tribal societies and what we consider them.<\/p>\n For instance, Yanomami hunters by no means eat their very own catch: they don\u2019t even carry it dwelling however give it away earlier than it reaches their wives\u2019 cooking hearths. In flip, they should rely fully on what others give to them. Little may make much less business sense: the most effective hunters derive no profit.<\/p>\n Such explanations are sometimes met by a sneering, \u2018noble savages\u2019 riposte from uninformed cynics, notably these whose religion in \u2018progress\u2019 blinds them to the struggling it inflicts. However no matter else the concept of gifting away all your individual meals is perhaps by way of change and reciprocity, it\u2019s additionally an altruistic sacrifice to the neighborhood\u2019s wellbeing above the non-public. Davi has his personal fairly completely different rationalization: the animals, it seems, acknowledge a \u2018hunter who generously offers away all of the prey he arrows, they fall in love with him.\u2019 \u2018These (hunters) don’t must see the sport from a distance. It comes towards them\u2026 It feels nostalgia for the hunters the best way a person misses a girl he’s in love with. That is why it lets itself be arrowed with out effort and is pleased about it.\u2019 In different phrases, Yanomami boys are taught that they may by no means change into good hunters until they’re beneficiant and provides away their recreation.<\/p>\n Though concepts of service to others had been as soon as commonplace in our personal educating, it\u2019s tough to see the notion catching on these days in enterprise faculties: \u2018You’ll be able to\u2019t achieve success until you\u2019re beneficiant!\u2019 This although is essentially the most elementary of all Yanomami codes, extending via life and past. As Davi explains, \u2018We all know that we are going to die, this is the reason we simply give our items away. Since we’re mortal, we predict it’s ugly to cling too firmly to the objects we occur to own. We don’t wish to die greedily clutching them in our palms. So we by no means maintain them for very lengthy. We’ve barely acquired them earlier than we give them to those that would possibly in flip need them.\u2019<\/p>\n It seems that what a Yanomami actually needs will not be extra stuff, however to know that his or her funeral will appeal to real mourners. Generosity in life will carry friends to the social gathering, however when the funerary rites are over (they usually can go on for months), that\u2019s the tip. Not solely is there no notion of recompense in any afterlife, a Yanomami\u2019s family members are so stricken at his or her passing that they merely attempt to neglect: they maintain no memento, all of the possessions of the useless are destroyed, and the Indians gained\u2019t even say their names once more \u2013 it will be too painful. The ashes of the useless are both buried close to the fireplace or parts are ingested in banana soup at grand funeral feasts. Every thing is destroyed. That\u2019s why the burial of Davi\u2019s mom with out cremation was so barbaric.<\/p>\n All this after all runs opposite to our personal pondering: the memorials for our useless, our burials, and particularly the shows of our bodies and bones in museums and church buildings, are the last word in savagery so far as the Yanomami are involved. Davi explains these anxieties in what I name the third e-book in \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019. It is a assortment of essays on Yanomami life, and on our personal. It\u2019s partly Davi\u2019s view of us, turning the tables on these (like me) who search to explain Indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n It features a chapter on \u2018battle\u2019 which is of explicit significance within the renewed row about whether or not an American anthropologist\u2019s characterization of the Yanomami as \u2018the fierce individuals\u2019 is admittedly simply misrepresentation. Napoleon Chagnon constructed a profitable profession on his accounts of the incidence, nature, and rationale of Yanomami raiding. Though he has been lengthy refuted by virtually each different scholar to work with the tribe, Chagnon has now change into a cornerstone for disparaging claims about tribal peoples that are repeated by \u2018standard science\u2019 writers like Jared Diamond and Steven Pinker. All that is regressing to a harmful nineteenth century view of brutal savages who’re supposedly ready, and wanting, to be tamed by the colonial enterprise. Chagnon falsely alleges that 45% of Yanomami males are killers and that power warfare reigns (not less than, the place he studied). He additional claims that girls are the foundation reason behind all this brutal savagery.<\/p>\n Davi doesn\u2019t deny that the Yanomami struggle: quite the opposite, he describes it. The Indians maintain ritual duels with golf equipment, which could be vicious however aren’t meant to be deadly. In addition they often raid homes with the express intention of arrowing \u2018one or two reputed warriors\u2019. That is achieved invariably out of revenge for a earlier killing, whether or not \u2018actual\u2019 (in our phrases) or caused via sorcery.<\/p>\n Such raiding has all however evaporated in lots of areas the place the Yanomami face growing threats from outdoors, however Davi is scathingly dismissive concerning the indictment that the Yanomami had been ever extra violent than \u2018whites\u2019. The latter, he reminds us, \u2018consistently inform us that it’s unsuitable for us to arrow one another for revenge. But their ancestors had been so bellicose they traveled nice distances to plunder the land of people that had achieved them no hurt!\u2019<\/p>\n He explains, \u2018We by no means killed one another with out restraint, the best way they do. We shouldn’t have bombs that burn homes and all their inhabitants\u2026 we don’t kill\u2026 for merchandise, land, or oil, the best way they do. We struggle about human beings. We go to battle for the sorrow now we have for our brothers and fathers who’ve simply died\u2026 However not like white individuals, [we] would by no means kill ladies and youngsters just like the gold prospectors did\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n He’s equally contemptuous of the declare that the reason for \u2018battle\u2019 was ladies: \u2018Our Elders definitely didn’t arrow one another due to ladies\u2026 It was a query of avenging the useless, not of preventing over ladies.\u2019<\/p>\n Davi is equally unequivocal relating to sticking to the \u2018guidelines\u2019 of raiding. For instance, enemies\u2019 our bodies should all the time be recovered by their households, to allow them to conduct correct funeral rites. It might be unthinkable for any Yanomami to attempt to stop that, no matter their degree of animosity.<\/p>\n This raises a degree about whether or not tribal, versus industrialized, societies typically abide by their very own rules. Though Napoleon Chagnon condemns the Yanomami as treacherous, one would possibly ask which society is the extra hypocritical. In spite of everything, will we not preach about human rights and the legislation, and aren’t each routinely violated as a lot by governments and firms, as they’re by self-\u00ad\u2010professed outlaws and terrorists? The purpose will not be misplaced on Davi, who observes, \u2018The long-\u00ad\u2010in the past white individuals\u2019s elders drew what they name their legal guidelines on paper skins, however to them they’re solely lies! They solely take note of the phrases of merchandise!\u2019<\/p>\n It’s these items which perplex Davi most of all, and few will deny the accuracy of his observations: \u2018This merchandise is really like a fianc\u00e9e to them! Their thought is so connected to it that in the event that they injury it whereas it’s nonetheless shiny, they get so enraged that they cry! They are surely in love with it! They fall asleep interested by it such as you nod off with the nostalgia of a good looking girl.\u2019 \u2018They\u2026 all the time need new items\u2026 I worry that this euphoria of merchandise may have no finish and that they may entangle themselves with it to the purpose of chaos. They’re already consistently killing one another for cash of their cities and preventing different individuals for minerals and oil they take from the bottom.\u2019<\/p>\n Though \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019 leaves little doubt that the Yanomami \u2018manner of being\u2019 may be very completely different than ours, our shared humanity can be mirrored: \u2018though we [Yanomami] are different individuals than they’re, now we have a mouth and eyes, blood and bones, identical to white individuals. All of us see the identical single gentle. We’re all hungry and thirsty. All of us have similar fold behind our knees so we are able to stroll!\u2019 The Yanomami, along with most Indigenous peoples, are nonetheless seen as lower than \u2018us\u2019, so it\u2019s comprehensible that Davi unknowingly echoes essentially the most well-known Untermensch lament in literature \u2013 Shylock\u2019s, \u2018When you prick us, will we not bleed?\u2019<\/p>\n Maybe it\u2019s even the case that Davi\u2019s total imaginative and prescient isn\u2019t as completely different to ours as it’d seem, maybe we’re all just a little little bit of shaman, striving consistently to keep up well being and steadiness each in our personal lives and in what we see and really feel round us. Aren\u2019t we too making an attempt to determine the place our boundaries lie, and what impact now we have on our personal worlds?<\/p>\n The Yanomami nonetheless face a number of threats to their survival. Davi overtly acknowledges the one from inside: \u2018Perhaps the white individuals will be capable of confuse the minds of our youngsters and grandchildren to the purpose that they may cease seeing the spirits and listening to their songs? Then, with out shamans, they may dwell helpless, and their thought will get misplaced. They’ll spend their time wandering on the roads and within the cities. They are going to be contaminated there by sicknesses that they may cross on to their wives and youngsters. They won’t even take into consideration defending their land anymore.\u2019<\/p>\n Though the marketing campaign for Yanomami land lastly gained in 1992, different exterior threats stay: the miners are nonetheless there and nonetheless violently taking the gold despite being evicted, repeatedly however halfheartedly, by the authorities. There may be additionally a nationwide menace to all Indians in Brazil now that the escalating value of uncooked supplies will increase the inducement to steal Indigenous land: Indians\u2019 rights at the moment are threatened in the identical manner they had been a technology in the past.<\/p>\n The battle is engaged. It\u2019s between those that exploit the concept of \u2018improvement\u2019 to extend their very own short-\u00ad\u2010time period wealth at others\u2019 long-\u00ad\u2010 time period value, and those that yearn for concepts about human rights to mutate into residing info, and consider that basically can be progress. The latter embody some who consider that justice will not be merely an choice, however is significant in saving the world. (As such, they is perhaps seen as assuming one thing of the shaman\u2019s mantle themselves!) Davi\u2019s e-book is a useful instrument on this eternal battle; however, primarily, it\u2019s a searing testomony to the immense number of human genius which has blossomed over hundreds of generations.<\/p>\n Our planetary backyard (of Eden?) nonetheless grows many flowers, many various methods of wanting on the world. Are we actually aspiring to mow down each one besides our personal, are we actually going to permit none different ever to seed once more \u2013 and all this, simply so the vultures can develop fleetingly fatter from the spoils?<\/p>\n In addition to an unconscionable tragedy, wouldn\u2019t that be a dereliction of responsibility to our descendants? Davi Kopenawa thinks that if we destroy the Yanomami, we destroy ourselves. He may need a degree. For readers who can address prejudices being rattled, Davi\u2019s message deserves to be heard.<\/p>\n \u2018The Falling Sky: phrases of a Yanomami shaman\u2019, by Davi Kopenawa & Bruce Albert, translated by Nicholas Elliott & Alison Dundy, Belknap Press of Harvard College Press, 2013.<\/p>\n Stephen Corry is the creator of \u2018Tribal peoples for tomorrow\u2019s world\u2019, and former director of Survival Worldwide.<\/p>\n \u2018The Falling Sky\u2019 is a singular e-book by Yanomami shaman Davi Kopenawa.\u00a0\u00a9\u00a0Harvard College Press A evaluation by Stephen Corry, former…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/assets.survivalinternational.org\/pictures\/9187\/cover-davi_940.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emergency_survival_news"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/assets.survivalinternational.org\/pictures\/9187\/cover-davi_940.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1610"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1611,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1610\/revisions\/1611"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emergencysurvivalsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![](\"https:\/\/assets.survivalinternational.org\/pictures\/24286\/survival-logo-plain_original.png\"\/){kind=logo}
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